Hi guys, im back after mid-sem holiday. So, today we had class like usually. Early in the class, miss already bebel because of one student😑 Thennn, we have a quiz 2 on chapter 2. It so easy like nut but I'm so blur to answer the quiz😂 haihhh
After quiz, miss give us topic presentations to present on her next class and also everyone got their topic to update in their each blog account. Have 9 topics and each person got 3 topics to update in their blog. So, my group and I (pah and balqis) also my partner in blog, we got topic 6. The topic is about "Identify tourism products and packages suitable for tourism traveller". And me got topic 1, 6 and 8.
Topic 1 is about, Demonstrate understanding towards tourism in green economy;
1. Explain the concept of tourism in a green economy.
2. Discuss chaleenges for tourism in a green economy
a) Energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
b) Water consumption
c) Waste management
d) Loss of biodiversity
e) Effective management of cultural heritage
So, I'll explain the topic about what.
1) Tourism is a
significant contributor of
greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions at the
global scale. The growth
of energy consumption
in travel, transport,
accommodation and tourism
related activities and the dependency
on fossil fuels, increase vulnerability and uncertainty for future business
growth and translate into
important implications for
GHG emissions and
climate change. Currently,
tourism contributes an estimated
5% of CO2 emissions but, according to some scientists, the overall contribution
of tourism to global warming – considering the radiative forcing of all
greenhouse gases – is in the order of
5.2–12.5% (the range
in this estimate
is primarily attributed
to uncertainties regarding
the role of
aviation induced cirrus clouds in trapping heat)
2) UNEP (2003) estimates
that in the
United States of
America, tourism and
recreation consumes 946 million
m3 of water per
year, of which
60% is linked
to accommodation (mostly
spent on guest consumption, landscape and property
management and laundry activities), and another 13% to food service. Total
yearly water consumption
by tourism in
Europe is estimated
at 843 million
m3. Each tourist consumes 300 l
of freshwater per day on average, whereas luxury tourists can consume up to 880
l. By comparison, average per capita residential consumption in Europe is
estimated at 241 l per day. Global
direct water consumption
in international tourism
(accommodations only) is
estimated to be 1.3
km3 per year (Gössling 2005). Available data suggest that direct water use in
tourism varies between 100 to 2,000 l
per guest night, with a tendency for larger, resort-style hotels to use
significantly more water than smaller,
pension-like establishments or
campsites. The main
water-consuming factors are golf courses, irrigated gardens, swimming
pools, spas, wellness facilities and guest rooms.
a) Waste management is
another increasing and
well recognized challenge
in the industry.
Every international tourist in
Europe generates at least 1 kg of solid waste per day, and up to 2
kg/person/day for the United States
(UNEP 2003). By comparison, CalRecovery
and UNEP (2005) report total country waste
generation, including industrial
and other sources,
for Austria (1.18
kg/person/day), Mexico (0.68 kg/person/day), India (0.4 kg/person/day) and United States
(2.3 kg/person/day). Based on
various sources, UNEP (2003) estimates
that in 2001 the world’s 692.5 million international tourists are likely to
have generated no less than 4.8 million t of solid waste, 58% of this total in
Europe alone; in Germany, domestic tourism accounts for around 7.5 times the
volume of inbound international tourism, while in Brazil the ratio is estimated
at 10; if a conservative ratio of 6 is assumed globally, the global figure for
solid waste generated by domestic and international tourism should be close to
35 million t per year.
b) There are many examples where large-scale tourism has had
detrimental effects on biodiversity, including coral reefs, coastal wetlands,
rainforests, arid and semi-arid ecosystems, mountainous areas (UNWTO 2010d).
Coral ecosystems have suffered strong negative impacts from the use of coral
for construction materials for hotels,
over-fishing of reefs
to feed tourists,
sewage dumping and
sedimentation from improperly managed runoff from buildings,
parking lots, and golf courses. They may also be damaged at
heavily used scuba
diving sites. Coastal
wetlands, particularly mangroves,
have routinely been damaged
or destroyed to build beach resorts. In arid and semi-arid ecosystems, golf
courses and other water-intensive
activities have lowered water tables affecting local fauna and flora. Biodiversity will
be greatly affected
by the way
in which tourism
grows and develops,
especially in developing countries (UNEP 2010). Failure to incorporate
biodiversity concerns in destination planning
and investment will have detrimental effects on the natural environment,
increase conflict with local communities,
and lead to
reduced value creation
potential for both
the destination and
investors. UNWTO and the
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) have developed the CBD Guidelines on Biodiversity and
Tourism Development and
other tools to
advance sustainable tourism
development with sustainable use
of biodiversity.
c) Interest in unique cultures by tourists can result in
negative impacts and severe disruptions for communities.
There
are
examples
of
communities
overrun
by
large
numbers
of
visitors,
commercialization
of
traditions, and threats to cultural survival from unplanned and
unmanaged tourism. Tourism destinations
are
occasionally
built
by
outsiders
(usually
with
government
approval)
in
areas
that
indigenous
or traditional
communities
consider
to
be
theirs,
and
where
the
development
was
neither
desired
nor locally validated. These situations lead
to conflicts that make cooperation and mutual benefits nearly impossible to
achieve, and instil animosities that negatively affect the local communities
and the tourism destination. Frequently, the cultural issues overlap and are
aggravated by environmental issues such as access to water, coastal resources,
and wildlife. Over the last two decades, with the growth in ecotourism
and alternative travel, tourism impacts on
vulnerable cultures has begun to be taken seriously by the tourism industry, governments,
non-governmental organizations, and the cultural groups involved.
Management of cultural heritage also includes built heritage
which provides sense of place and cultural reference points.
Most built heritage
attractions were not
originally intended for
tourist use must
be managed to protect them from over-use, misuse and wear and tear from
visitor footfall. More broadly, heritage buildings can be at risk from climate
change. Aside from physical threats (e.g. flood damage, subsidence) climate
change will impact on social and cultural aspects, with communities changing
the way they live, work, worship and socialize in buildings, sites and
landscapes, possibly migrating and abandoning their built heritage (UNESCO
2007).
The following are seen as ways to address some of these
issues:
- Locat initiave and involvement
- Building capacity
- Public and private sector investment
- Partnership
- Develop climate change mitigation and adaption plans
THATS ALL FROM. TQ BYEEE
